<p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Phosphate is a crucial raw material used across several key industries, primarily due to its role in agriculture and chemical processes. Here are the main industries that use phosphate:</p><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>1. Agriculture</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Fertilizers</b>: The largest use of phosphate is in the production of phosphate fertilizers (e.g., monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), triple superphosphate (TSP)).</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Animal Feed</b>: Phosphates are added to animal feed to improve nutrition and bone development.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>2. Chemical Industry</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Phosphoric Acid Production</b>: Used as an intermediate in manufacturing various chemicals.</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Detergents</b>: Used in the production of cleaning agents (though usage has declined in some countries due to environmental regulations).</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Water Treatment</b>: Used as corrosion inhibitors and to prevent scale in water systems.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>3. Food Industry</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Food Additives</b>: Used in baking powders, processed cheeses, and as preservatives (e.g., sodium phosphate).</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>4. Pharmaceutical Industry</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Medicines</b>: Used in antacids, laxatives, and some pharmaceutical formulations.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>5. Metal and Surface Treatment</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Metal Coating</b>: Phosphates are used in metal surface treatment (phosphating) to prevent corrosion and improve paint adhesion.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>6. Construction and Ceramics</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Cement and Refractories</b>: Certain phosphate compounds are used in specialty cement and high-temperature ceramics.</li></ul>

<p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Kaolin (also known as china clay) is a versatile industrial mineral primarily composed of the clay mineral kaolinite. It is used in a wide range of industries due to its whiteness, chemical inertness, fine particle size, and plasticity. Here's a breakdown of its main applications:</p><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>1. Paper Industry </b><b><i>(largest consumer)</i></b><b><i></i></b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Paper Coating</b>: Improves printability, smoothness, and gloss.</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Filler</b>: Enhances paper opacity, brightness, and reduces production costs.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>2. Ceramics Industry</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Porcelain and Fine China</b>: Essential for whiteness and plasticity.</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Tiles and Sanitaryware</b>: Used in bodies and glazes for durability and aesthetics.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>3. Paint and Coatings</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>Acts as an extender and filler to:</li><ul class="ul1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s2" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span>Improve opacity</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s2" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span>Reduce cost</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s2" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span>Enhance suspension and consistency</li></ul></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>4. Rubber and Plastics</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Filler and Reinforcement Agent</b>: Increases durability, strength, and smooth finish in rubber goods (tires, hoses) and plastic products.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>5. Adhesives and Sealants</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>Used to adjust viscosity and improve mechanical properties.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>6. Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Pharmaceuticals</b>: Used as an excipient and in diarrhea treatments.</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Cosmetics</b>: Used in facial powders, masks, and soaps for its absorbency and smooth texture.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>7. Agriculture</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Pesticide Carrier</b>: Used as an inert carrier in pesticides and fertilizers.</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Soil Conditioner</b>: Occasionally used to improve soil structure.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>8. Construction</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Cement and Concrete Additive</b>: Improves workability and surface finish.</li></ul>

<p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Hematite</b> and <b>limonite</b> are both iron-bearing minerals widely used in the iron and steel industry, but they also have additional applications due to their physical and chemical properties.</p><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;;">?</span><b> Hematite (Fe₂O₃)</b></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Properties:</b><b></b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s2" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>High iron content (~69.9% Fe)</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s2" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>Hard, dense, metallic or earthy luster</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s2" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>Red to black in color</li></ul><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Main Uses:</b><b></b></p><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Iron and Steel Industry</b><b></b></li><ul class="ul1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s3" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span><b>Primary use</b>: Source of iron for steel production (one of the most important iron ores globally).</li></ul></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Pigments</b><b></b></li></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><ul class="ul1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s3" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span><b>Red ochre</b>: Hematite is used as a red pigment in paints, ceramics, and cosmetics.</li></ul></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Radiation Shielding</b><b></b></li></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><ul class="ul1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s3" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span>Due to its density, used in concrete mixes for shielding in nuclear and medical facilities.</li></ul></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Polishing Compounds</b><b></b></li></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><ul class="ul1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s3" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span>Known as "jeweler’s rouge" or "red rouge" for polishing metal and glass.</li></ul></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Decorative Stone</b><b></b></li></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><ul class="ul1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s3" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span>Used in jewelry and ornaments due to its striking metallic luster.</li></ul></ol><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;;">?</span><b> Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)</b></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Properties:</b><b></b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s2" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>Variable iron content (~55% Fe)</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s2" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>Amorphous or earthy texture</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s2" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>Yellow-brown to dark brown color</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s2" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>Often formed from weathering of other iron minerals</li></ul><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Main Uses:</b><b></b></p><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Iron and Steel Industry</b><b></b></li><ul class="ul1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s3" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span><b>Lower-grade ore</b> compared to hematite, but still used for iron extraction where high-grade ore is not available.</li></ul></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Pigments</b><b></b></li></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><ul class="ul1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s3" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span>Known as <b>yellow ochre</b>, used in natural paints, ceramics, and artistic pigments.</li></ul></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Soil Conditioning</b><b></b></li></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><ul class="ul1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s3" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span>Sometimes used to amend iron-deficient soils in agriculture.</li></ul></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Catalysts and Water Treatment</b><b></b></li></ol><ol class="ol1" style="font-size: medium;"><ul class="ul1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s3" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot;;"></span>In some industrial processes, limonite or its derivatives may be used as a catalyst or for pollutant removal.</li></ul></ol><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;;">?</span><b> Comparison Table</b></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="t1"><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" class="td1" style="width: 63px; height: 29px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Property/Use</b><b></b></p></td><td valign="middle" class="td2" style="width: 119px; height: 29px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Hematite</b><b></b></p></td><td valign="middle" class="td3" style="width: 127px; height: 29px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Limonite</b><b></b></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" class="td4" style="width: 63px; height: 12px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Iron Content</b><b></b></p></td><td valign="middle" class="td5" style="width: 119px; height: 12px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">~69.9%</p></td><td valign="middle" class="td6" style="width: 127px; height: 12px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">~55%</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" class="td1" style="width: 63px; height: 29px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Appearance</b><b></b></p></td><td valign="middle" class="td2" style="width: 119px; height: 29px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Metallic/earthy red/black</p></td><td valign="middle" class="td3" style="width: 127px; height: 29px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Yellow-brown, earthy</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" class="td7" style="width: 63px; height: 30px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Form</b><b></b></p></td><td valign="middle" class="td8" style="width: 119px; height: 30px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Crystalline (specular, etc.)</p></td><td valign="middle" class="td9" style="width: 127px; height: 30px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Amorphous or massive</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" class="td4" style="width: 63px; height: 12px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Main Use</b><b></b></p></td><td valign="middle" class="td5" style="width: 119px; height: 12px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Iron ore for steelmaking</p></td><td valign="middle" class="td6" style="width: 127px; height: 12px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Secondary iron ore</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" class="td4" style="width: 63px; height: 12px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Pigments</b><b></b></p></td><td valign="middle" class="td5" style="width: 119px; height: 12px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Red ochre</p></td><td valign="middle" class="td6" style="width: 127px; height: 12px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Yellow ochre</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" class="td7" style="width: 63px; height: 30px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Other Uses</b><b></b></p></td><td valign="middle" class="td8" style="width: 119px; height: 30px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Polishing, radiation shield</p></td><td valign="middle" class="td9" style="width: 127px; height: 30px; padding: 4px;"><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Soil amendment, pigments</p></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Fluorspar</b> (also called <i>fluorite</i>, chemically calcium fluoride – CaF₂) is a critical industrial mineral with a wide range of uses across strategic industries due to its unique properties like high fluorine content, chemical stability, and low melting point.</p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;">Here are the primary industries where <b>fluorspar</b> is used:</p><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>1. Chemical Industry </b><b><i>(largest consumer)</i></b><b><i></i></b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) Production</b>: Used to make refrigerants, fluoropolymers (like Teflon), and aluminum fluoride.</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Fluorochemicals</b>: Base for products like blowing agents, solvents, and pharmaceuticals.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>2. Metallurgical Industry</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Steelmaking</b>: Acts as a flux to lower melting temperature and remove impurities.</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Aluminum Production</b>: Used to manufacture aluminum fluoride, which aids in electrolytic aluminum smelting.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>3. Ceramics and Glass</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Glass Manufacturing</b>: Improves melt fluidity and reduces viscosity.</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Ceramics and Enamels</b>: Enhances appearance and chemical resistance in tiles, dinnerware, and sanitaryware.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>4. Cement Industry</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>Fluorspar is used as a flux to reduce energy consumption and improve clinker quality.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>5. Optics and Electronics</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Optical Lenses</b>: High-purity fluorspar is used in specialty optics and lenses due to its low dispersion.</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Lithium Batteries (emerging)</b>: Some fluorine derivatives are used in battery electrolytes.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>6. Environmental and Energy Applications</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span>Used in uranium processing, and potentially in fluoride-ion batteries and renewable energy tech.</li></ul><p class="p2" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Grades of Fluorspar:</b></p><ul class="ul1" style="font-size: medium;"><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Acid-grade</b>: ≥97% CaF₂ — for chemical use (most valuable)</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Metallurgical-grade</b>: ~60–85% CaF₂ — for steel and aluminum</li><li class="li1" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;"><span class="s1" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Symbol;"></span><b>Ceramic-grade</b>: Intermediate purity</li></ul>